Wǒ jīntiān mǎile yí jiàn chènshān.
I bought a shirt today.
This sentence uses the time adverb 今天 to indicate when the action of buying occurred. The verb 买 is followed by the measure word 一件 and the noun 衬衫 to indicate the specific item bought.
我 (wǒ): I, me今天 (jīntiān): today买 (mǎi): to buy一件 (yí jiàn): a (measure word for clothes)衬衫 (chènshān): shirt
nǐ hǎo
Hello
This is a greeting, meaning "hello" or "hi".
你 (nǐ): you好 (hǎo): good
Tā xǐhuān chī ròu, dànshì tā yě xǐhuān chī shūcài.
He likes to eat meat, but he also likes to eat vegetables.
This sentence uses the conjunction 但是 to set up a contrast. The word 也 is used to emphasize a similarity with the first idea.
吃 (chī): eat肉 (ròu): meat但是 (dànshì): but也 (yě): also蔬菜 (shūcài): vegetables
jīn tiān zǎo shàng wǒ qù le chāo shì。
I went to the supermarket this morning.
今天早上 is a time phrase that goes before the subject. The verb qù (去) is after the subject to show the action of going. The complement le (了) at the end of the sentence indicates that the action of going to the supermarket has been completed.
今天 (jīn tiān): today早上 (zǎo shàng): morning我 (wǒ): I去 (qù): go超市 (chāo shì): supermarket
wǒ mā mā zài zuò fàn
My mom is cooking.
This sentence uses the verb '在' (zài) to denote an action in progress. '我妈妈' (wǒ mā mā) means 'my mom'. '做饭' (zuò fàn) means 'cooking'. The word order in Chinese is Subject-Location-Verb-Object.
我 (wǒ): I妈妈 (mā mā): mom在 (zài): at做饭 (zuò fàn): to cook