Wǒ jiā yǒu yī zhī māo, tā de míngzì jiào xiǎo bái.
There is a cat in my house and its name is Xiaobai.
This sentence uses the structure 'subject + verb + direct object' to introduce a new element, the cat. The pronoun 'its' is expressed using the possessive particle '的'. The name of the cat is introduced using the verb 'called'.
我 (wǒ): I家 (jiā): house有 (yǒu): have一只 (yī zhī): one猫 (māo): cat它的 (tā de): its名字 (míngzì): name叫 (jiào): called小白 (xiǎo bái): little white
tā suī rán bù gāo, dàn shì hěn qiáng zhuàng.
Although he is not tall, he is very strong.
In this sentence, the conjunction '虽然' (although) is used to introduce a contrast between the subject's height and strength. The negative particle '不' is used before '高' (tall) to express negation. The conjunction '但是' is used to add another thought that contrasts with the previous one.
他 (tā): he, him虽然 (suī rán): although不 (bù): not高 (gāo): tall但是 (dàn shì): but很 (hěn): very强壮 (qiáng zhuàng): strong
Zhè shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de yī shǒu gē.
This is my favorite song.
This sentence uses the 的 particle to modify the adjective 最喜欢, indicating that the phrase modifies the following noun, 一首歌. The phrase 最喜欢的 is used to express that the song is the speaker's favorite.
这 (zhè): this是 (shì): is我 (wǒ): my最喜欢的 (zuì xǐhuān de): favorite一首 (yī shǒu): song歌 (gē): song
jīn tiān tiān qì hěn hǎo
Today's weather is very nice
In this sentence, we see the adjective '好' meaning 'nice'. It is modified by the adverb '很' meaning 'very'. The subject of the sentence is '今天天气' meaning 'today's weather'.
今天 (jīn tiān): today天气 (tiān qì): weather很 (hěn): very好 (hǎo): nice
Zhè gè xīng qī tiān wǒ huì hé wǒ de péng yǒu qù pá shān.
This Sunday I will go mountain climbing with my friends.
This sentence includes the time phrase '这个星期天' to express the specific time. It also includes the particle '和' to introduce the companion. The pattern is subject + time phrase + future tense verb + companion + verb phrase.
这个 (zhè gè): this星期天 (xīng qī tiān): Sunday我 (wǒ): I会 (huì): will和 (hé): with我的 (wǒ de): my朋友 (péng yǒu): friend去 (qù): to go爬山 (pá shān): mountain climbing