zhè běn shū shì wǒ péng yǒu sòng gěi wǒ de.
This book was given to me by my friend.
The sentence uses 把 structure. In this case, the sentence is restructured into a passive voice to emphasize the recipient of the book. The sentence could be rephrased as 朋友把这本书送给了我。(My friend gave this book [to me]).
这 (zhè): this本 (běn): classifier for books书 (shū): book我 (wǒ): I/me朋友 (péng yǒu): friend送 (sòng): to give (as a gift)
Wǒ juédé zhège cài hěn hǎo chī.
I think this dish tastes very good.
The verb '觉得' (to think) is used to express an opinion or thought. The adjective '好吃' (tasty) is used to describe the dish, and the adverb '很' (very) is used to intensify the description.
我 (wǒ): I觉得 (juédé): to think这个 (zhège): this菜 (cài): dish很好吃 (hěn hǎo chī): tastes very good
qǐng nǐ bāng wǒ zhǎo yī xià yào shì.
Can you help me look for my keys?
The verb 帮 (bāng) is used to ask someone to help. The phrase 一下 (yī xià) indicates 'a bit' and is used after verbs in Chinese to soften requests.
请 (qǐng): please你 (nǐ): you帮 (bāng): help我 (wǒ): me找 (zhǎo): look for一下 (yī xià): a bit钥匙 (yào shì): keys
tāmen bù xiǎng chī zhōng cān
They don't want to eat Chinese food.
This sentence shows the negative form of the verb '想' which means 'to want' and the object '中餐' which means 'Chinese food.'
他们 (tāmen): they不想 (bù xiǎng): don't want吃 (chī): to eat中餐 (zhōng cān): Chinese food
Xiǎo māo zài shù xià wán qiú.
The kitten is playing ball under the tree.
The preposition '在(zài)' indicates location. The verb '玩(wán)' is used to indicate playing.
小猫 (xiǎo māo): kitten在 (zài): at, in树下 (shù xià): under the tree玩 (wán): play球 (qiú): ball