nǐ xǐ huān chī là ma
Do you like spicy food?
This sentence uses the question particle 吗 to turn a statement into a yes/no question. The sentence pattern is subject + verb + object + 吗.
你 (nǐ): you喜欢 (xǐ huān): to like吃 (chī): to eat辣 (là): spicy吗 (ma): question particle
Zhège wèntí tài nán le, wǒ bù zhīdào zěnme bàn.
This problem is too difficult, I don't know what to do.
The adjective '难' is used to modify the noun '问题'. The particle '了' is used to indicate the change of situation. The verb phrase '知道怎么办' is used to express 'know what to do'. '怎么办' is a question word that means 'what to do'
这个 (zhège): this问题 (wèntí): problem太 (tài): too难 (nán): difficult了 (le): particle indicating the change of situation我 (wǒ): I不 (bù): not知道 (zhīdào): know怎么办 (zěnme bàn): what to do
Wǒ měi tiān qí zìxíngchē shàngbān.
I ride a bike to work every day.
This sentence features the time-frequency adverbial phrase '每天' indicating 'every day' and the verb '骑' meaning 'to ride', which takes the object '自行车' ('bicycle').
我 (wǒ): I/me每天 (měitiān): every day骑 (qí): to ride自行车 (zìxíngchē): bicycle上班 (shàngbān): to go to work
Tāmen xué hànyǔ.
They study Chinese.
This sentence follows the subject-verb-object pattern where the subject '他们' is followed by the verb '学', which means 'to study'. The object is '汉语' which means 'Chinese language'.
他们 (tāmen): they学 (xué): study汉语 (hànyǔ): Chinese language
Wǒ mǎi le yīxiē xīn yīfú, dànshì dōu bù shìhé wǒ.
I bought some new clothes, but none of them fit me.
In this sentence, we see the use of the adverb '都' to indicate that none of the new clothes fit the speaker. Additionally, we see the verb '适合' being used with the negation '不' to indicate that the clothes do not fit the speaker.
买 (mǎi): buy新 (xīn): new衣服 (yīfú): clothes都 (dōu): all不 (bù): not适合 (shìhé): fit我 (wǒ): me