Wǒ jiā yǒu yī zhī māo, tā de míngzì jiào xiǎo bái.
There is a cat in my house and its name is Xiaobai.
This sentence uses the structure 'subject + verb + direct object' to introduce a new element, the cat. The pronoun 'its' is expressed using the possessive particle '的'. The name of the cat is introduced using the verb 'called'.
我 (wǒ): I家 (jiā): house有 (yǒu): have一只 (yī zhī): one猫 (māo): cat它的 (tā de): its名字 (míngzì): name叫 (jiào): called小白 (xiǎo bái): little white
zhè ge cān tīng de cài hěn hǎo chī.
The food at this restaurant is very delicious.
In this sentence, we use the demonstrative pronoun 这个(zhè ge), meaning 'this'. The subject of the sentence is 菜(cài), meaning 'food/dishes'. We use the adjective phrase 好吃(hǎo chī), meaning 'delicious', to describe the food. We also use the adverb 很(hěn) to indicate the degree of deliciousness.
这个 (zhè ge): this餐厅 (cān tīng): restaurant的 (de): of菜 (cài): food/dishes很 (hěn): very好吃 (hǎo chī): delicious
Tā men zài kàn diàn yǐng.
They are watching a movie.
This sentence uses the verb '在' (zài) to indicate the action is happening 'at' or 'in' a certain place, followed by the action verb '看' (kàn) which means 'to watch', and the object '电影' (diàn yǐng) which means 'movie'.
他们 (tā men): they在 (zài): at, in, on看 (kàn): to watch电影 (diàn yǐng): movie
zhè ge cài hěn là.
This dish is very spicy.
This sentence uses the adjective '辣' (spicy) and the adverb '很' (very) to describe the subject '这个菜' (this dish) as being very spicy.
这个 (zhè ge): this菜 (cài): dish很 (hěn): very辣 (là): spicy
Tāmen dōu hěn xǐhuān qù lǚyóu.
They all like to travel.
This sentence uses the word '都' to express 'both' or 'all'. The adverb '很' (very) is used to emphasize the degree of the verb '喜欢' (like). The verb '去' (go) is followed by the object '旅游' (travel).
他们 (tāmen): they都 (dōu): both; all很 (hěn): very喜欢 (xǐhuān): like去 (qù): go旅游 (lǚyóu): travel